Tariffs and chip controls are forcing a pragmatic Japan–Korea thaw Ishiba and Lee, both China-leaning, hedge via Beijing while keeping U.S.

Tariffs act as hidden taxes, falling mainly on U.S.

Asia’s coalition strength lies in education and knowledge, not tariffs Patent dominance shows the region’s leverage in IP and skills An education-first compact is harder to divide than a trade bloc The most decisive

Instant payments and digital banking have made deposit runs faster than ever Portfolio diversity cushions shocks, but uninsured deposits remain a fragile tail risk Stronger backstops and real-time liquidity are essential to match ten-second money

CBAM sets Europe’s carbon price at the border Asian firms race to cut emissions Europe must share tech and stay efficient Every few decades, shifts in trade rules alter the competitive landscape.

‘Subliminal learning’ signals spurious shortcuts, not new pedagogy Demand negative controls, cross-lineage validation, and robustness-first training Procure only models passing the worst-case and safety gates across schools

The dollar jumped post-election on expectations of institutional discipline April 2025 tariffs flipped that belief, boosting uncertainty and softening the dollar Education systems should hedge and budget for event-driven FX swings

Search behaves like reinforcement learning, rewarding confirmation Narrow queries and clicks shrink exposure at scale Break the loop with IV-style ranking and teach students to triangulate queries

Misapplied memories of past crises distort investor behavior and delay recovery Overshooting stems less from ignorance than from faulty analogies that amplify panic or euphoria Policy should focus on structural safeguards and qualified capital, not generic history lessons

Dollar stablecoins hold near-total global dominance Only HKD and JPY can credibly counter in Asia Success depends on fast, disciplined execution

ASEAN risks tens of billions in tariff costs under new U.S.

LLMs are not conscious, only probabilistic parrota They often mislead through errors, biases, and manipulations Education must use them as tools, never as advisors

This article was independently developed by The Economy editorial team and draws on original analysis published by East Asia Forum. The content has been substantially rewritten, expanded, and reframed for broader context and relevance. All views expressed are solely those of the author and do not represent the official position of East Asia Forum or its contributors.

This article is based on ideas originally published by VoxEU – Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) and has been independently rewritten and extended by The Economy editorial team. While inspired by the original analysis, the content presented here reflects a broader interpretation and additional commentary. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of VoxEU or CEPR.

This article was independently developed by The Economy editorial team and draws on original analysis published by East Asia Forum. The content has been substantially rewritten, expanded, and reframed for broader context and relevance. All views expressed are solely those of the author and do not represent the official position of East Asia Forum or its contributors.

This article was independently developed by The Economy editorial team and draws on original analysis published by East Asia Forum. The content has been substantially rewritten, expanded, and reframed for broader context and relevance. All views expressed are solely those of the author and do not represent the official position of East Asia Forum or its contributors.

This article is based on ideas originally published by VoxEU – Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) and has been independently rewritten and extended by The Economy editorial team. While inspired by the original analysis, the content presented here reflects a broader interpretation and additional commentary. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of VoxEU or CEPR.

This article was independently developed by The Economy editorial team and draws on original analysis published by East Asia Forum. The content has been substantially rewritten, expanded, and reframed for broader context and relevance. All views expressed are solely those of the author and do not represent the official position of East Asia Forum or its contributors.

This article is based on ideas originally published by VoxEU – Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) and has been independently rewritten and extended by The Economy editorial team. While inspired by the original analysis, the content presented here reflects a broader interpretation and additional commentary. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of VoxEU or CEPR.

This article was independently developed by The Economy editorial team and draws on original analysis published by East Asia Forum. The content has been substantially rewritten, expanded, and reframed for broader context and relevance. All views expressed are solely those of the author and do not represent the official position of East Asia Forum or its contributors.